What does the process of ionization involve?

The process of ionization involves removing electrons from atoms or molecules. When an atom or molecule loses one or more of its electrons, it becomes positively charged, transforming it into a cation. This can occur through various means, such as exposure to radiation, heat, or electrical energy. For example, when a gas is exposed to a strong electric field, the energy can cause electrons to be ejected from the atoms. This fundamental process is crucial in many scientific and industrial applications, including the operation of ionization chambers in radiation detection and understanding chemical reactions.

The other options do not accurately describe ionization. Adding protons to atoms pertains to changing the identity of the element rather than ionization, which specifically involves electrons. Creating positive ions using radiation is a specific method of ionization but does not encompass all the mechanisms. Forming chemical bonds instead involves interactions between electrons, which is distinct from the process of ionization. Hence, removing electrons from atoms or molecules is the essence of ionization.